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PART X -- HOUSING.

The Northeast Kingdom has a well preserved assortment of towns and villages unspoiled by contemporary sub-divisions, commercial strip developments and high traffic roads. Add to this a large inventory of older (pre-1940) homes that still remain affordable to working Vermonters.
The village and town centers are distinguished by an array of historic landmark buildings dating back to the 18th and 19th century. These landmarks are still in use and help the area to preserve its sense of place and community life. However, high unemployment and low wages continue to make it difficult for many Northeast Kingdom residents to meet their housing needs. Additionally, landmark buildings pose a challenge for upkeep and meeting code requirements, including the American's with Disabilities Act. Heating expenses, especially for older homes and poorly insulated manufactured housing, can be beyond the means of low income residents, forcing utility cut offs.

A. ASSETS.

1. Housing Organizations.
Gilman Housing Trust is a 15-year old private non-profit housing corporation based in Newport and serving all three counties with the development of multi-family housing, management of affordable housing, and expansion & retention of affordable home ownership. NeighborWorks HomeOwnership Center of Vermont - Northeast Kingdom is a wholly owned subsidiary of Gilman Housing Trust that provides home buyer education, housing counseling, technical support, financial assistance, and foreclosure intervention to home buyers. Habitat for Humanity is a non-profit volunteer organization based in Greensboro that performs housing rehabilitation in the summer in the Northeast Kingdom. Northern Community Management Corporation (NCMC) is a property management company specializing in management of affordable housing for seniors, families and persons with special needs in northern Vermont and New Hampshire. NCMC is based in St. Johnsbury and is jointly owned by Gilman Housing Trust, A.H.E.A.D.,Inc. of Littleton, N.H., and by Housing Vermont of Burlington.

2. Home Construction Training.
The Vocational Technical Programs at Canaan Memorial High School, North Country Career Center, and the Applied Technology Center in St. Johnsbury build projects for non-profit developers like Gilman Housing Trust for resale to low and moderate-income home buyers. The Lyndon Institute Technology Center also has a home construction program.

3. Public Transportation.
Rural Community Transportation works with Gilman Housing and other housing providers to identify transportation access issues and help find solutions.

B. VISION.

Our towns and villages are places populated with a diverse community of mixed income families, citizens of all ages with expanding opportunity for safe, decent, affordable housing, with goods and services close at hand as well as social, cultural, educational and economic opportunities. Our communities retain the historic features lending a sense of place unmistakable from all others. Our public buildings, housing, streets, commercial establishments and public spaces are cared for, used, and indicate a vital, desirable community. Our housing options include affordable, well maintained rental apartments, single family homes that remain within economic reach of working families, senior housing that meets the social and mobility needs of our aging population, and barrier free housing for those of us with restricted mobility. No person needs to be without shelter.

C. CHALLENGES.

1. Preservation of Village and Town Centers as Center of Community Life.
Vibrant village centers, with schools, stores, cultural, social and residential uses make ideal places to live, shop, work and function as a residential community. The community must also have room for all residents with housing opportunities for low and moderate income families, for senior citizens and for our residents with special needs. About 81% of the low income residents surveyed agreed that the lack of safe, decent, affordable housing was a critical problem in the area; and 85.5% believed there was a need for programs to assist in the rehabilitation of existing housing.

2. Housing for Senior Citizens and Residents with Special Needs.
Senior Citizens and others with special needs would like the option to live in the general community, with access to shopping, entertainment, medical services and transportation. According to the 1990 census, the region had 1,312 mobility impaired persons, 997 of whom were over the age of 65. Approximately 86.8% of the low income residents surveyed felt there was a need for programs which help the elderly remain in their own homes for as long as possible.

3. Home Ownership
The most common barriers to homeownership are credit problems, high debt, and lack of savings for down payment and closing costs. Nearly all of the homes located in the Northeast Kingdom's 23 mobile home parks are owned by leaseholders (85% in Caledonia and Essex Counties and more than 95% in Orleans County). (Gilman Housing.)

4. Repair and Rehabilitation of Single Family Homes.
Gilman Housing Trust has experienced a consistent stream of inquiry from families located throughout the Northeast Kingdom in need of funds to repair or rehabilitate their single-family homes. Most of these inquiries are from households with incomes below 80% of median, with no equity in their homes and unable to obtain affordable financing from area lenders. Gilman Housing Trust has insufficient resources to provide the loans necessary. Alternative financing from credit cards, finance companies, and home improvement companies have left many households saddled with high interest debt, jeopardizing continued home ownership. A windshield survey of housing needs was conducted by Gilman Housing's Rehab Specialist during the month of February, 2000. Forty-five percent of the homes viewed received a "poor" rating, meaning they had three or more substandard conditions.

5. Meeting Housing Expenses.
Many low income residents have difficulty heating their homes and paying for electricity. The predominant heating source is fuel oil, followed by wood heat.

6. Rehabilitation of Mobile Home Parks.
Affordable home ownership is often a mobile home on a rented lot in a private park. Many of these parks were built prior to developed standards for water quality, sewer & septic design standards, and have jury-rigged electric systems. Public attention and resources will be necessary to maintain this type of home ownership opportunity for low and moderate-income residents.

7. Homelessness.
There are no designated homeless shelters in the Northeast Kingdom. Families and individuals currently stay in hotel units.

8. Lead Based Paint.
The presence of lead paint in units occupied by very low and other low-income households is significantly higher in the Northeast Kingdom (41.4%) than in any other region in Vermont.(VT Department of Housing and Community Affairs, estimate based on 1990 Census). In 1999, the Department of Health tested 765 Northeast Kingdom children of whom 52 had elevated blood lead levels of 10 ug/dL or above.

D. STRATEGIES.

Preservation of Village and Town Centers as Center of Community Life

  1. Preserve Landmark Historic Structures as Affordable Housing through continued or adaptive reuse as multi-family housing.

Housing for Senior Citizens and Residents with Special Needs

  1. Expand Housing Opportunity for Seniors and Persons with Special Needs.

Home Ownership

  1. Support activities and programs that assist individuals in the affordable ownership of their own homes.

Repair and Rehabilitation of Single Family Homes.

  1. Expand programs that rehabilitate existing housing and teach home repair, maintenance and construction rehabilitations skills.

Meeting Housing Expenses

  1. Support programs for fuel assistance, weatherization, and other activities that will help low income people reduce energy consumption and meet household utility bills.

Rehabilitation of Mobile Home Parks.

  1. Expand affordable programs and resources to upgrade water, sewer, electrical and other systems in the many older parks throughout the Northeast Kingdom.
  2. Promote affordable home replacement programs to replace 30 - 50 year old failing mobile homes.

Homelessness

  1. Provide housing opportunities combined with service support for homeless families, individuals, and youth.
  2. Expand transitional housing that matches housing opportunity with independent living skill development through transitional housing.

Lead Based Paint

  1. Support programs to eliminate exposure to lead based paint and increase understanding of essential maintenance practices.
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